Enzymatic Process

ENZYMATIC PROCESS FOR BIODIESEL

Conventional biodiesel production techniques have focused mainly on transesterification via the chemical approach. Despite improvements, the process still faces challenges like high production costs and environmental concerns. These include wastewater, chemical disposal, and the low quality of the glycerol byproduct.

The traditional transesterification method struggles with converting free fatty acids (FFA), often creating soap that requires additional processing. Additionally, the acid process is limited to esterification, which converts FFA into biodiesel. However, the transesterification rate is too slow for industrial production. This results in higher investment and operating costs, making biodiesel production more expensive than petroleum diesel.

A NEW ALTERNATIVE

The enzymatic transesterification process has been developed to improve efficiency in biodiesel production. This process uses two reactors: a primary reactor and a trim reactor. The alcohol, oil, and inert solvent mix with recycled biodiesel before entering the primary reactor. This reactor typically uses a packed bed design. The reactor outlet connects to an evaporator where unreacted alcohol, solvent, and water evaporate. The remaining oil, biodiesel, and glycerol separate into two layers. The upper layer is crude biodiesel, while the lower layer is crude glycerol, containing traces of solvent and alcohol.

A MORE “GREEN” TECHNOLOGY

The enzymatic approach to biodiesel production is a great example of “green chemistry.” While it has some disadvantages, such as high enzyme costs, low yield, short catalyst lifespan, and long reaction times, the benefits outweigh these issues. This process is environmentally friendly, reducing chemical discharge and wastewater. The enzymatic approach can perform esterification and transesterification for both FFA and triglyceride facilities. Moreover, it operates under mild conditions, which reduces the overall energy requirement.

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